Table of Contents
2025 Federal Tax Rates Schedules
| Single Taxable Income |
| Individual Taxpayers Standard Deduction $15,750 |
| If Taxable Income is Between: |
The Tax Due is: |
| $0 – $11,925 |
10% of taxable income |
| $11,926 – $48,470 |
12% minus $238.50 = Tax |
| $48,476 – $103,350 |
22% minus $5,086.00 = Tax |
| $103,351 – $197,300 |
24% minus $7,153.00 = Tax |
| $197,301 – $250,525 |
32% minus $22,937.00 = Tax |
| $250,526 – $626,350 |
35% minus $30,452.75 = Tax |
| $626,351 and over |
37% minus $42,979.75 = Tax |
| MFJ or QSS Taxable Income |
| MFJ or QSS Standard Deduction $31,500 |
| If Taxable Income is Between: |
The Tax Due is: |
| $0 – $23,850 |
10% of taxable income |
| $23,851 – $96,950 |
12% minus $477.00 = Tax |
| $96,951 – $206,700 |
22% minus $10,172.00 = Tax |
| $206,701 – $394,600 |
24% minus $14,306.00 = Tax |
| $394,601 – $501,050 |
32% minus $45,874.00 = Tax |
| $501,051 – $751,600 |
35% minus $60,905.50 = Tax |
| $751,601 and over |
37% minus $75,937.50 = Tax |
| Married Filing Separately Taxable Income |
| Married Filing Separately Standard Deduction $15,750 |
| If Taxable Income is Between: |
The Tax Due is: |
| $0 – $11,925 |
10% of taxable income |
| $11,926 – $48,475 |
12% minus $238.50 = Tax |
| $48,476 – $103,350 |
22% minus $5,086.00 = Tax |
| $103,351 – $197,300 |
24% minus $7,153.00 = Tax |
| $197,301 – $250,525 |
32% minus $22,937.00 = Tax |
| $250,526 – $375,800 |
35% minus $30,452.75 = Tax |
| $375,801 and over |
37% minus $37,968.75 = Tax |
| Head of Household Taxable Income |
| HOH Standard Deduction $23,625 |
| If Taxable Income is Between: |
The Tax Due is: |
| $0 – $17,000 |
10% of taxable income |
| $17,001 – $64,850 |
12% minus $340.00 = Tax |
| $64,851 – $103,350 |
22% minus $6,825.00 = Tax |
| $103,351 – $197,300 |
24% minus $8,892.00 = Tax |
| $197,301 – $250,500 |
32% minus $24,676.00 = Tax |
| $250,501 – $626,350 |
35% minus $32,191.00 = Tax |
| $626,351 and over |
37% minus $44,718.00 = Tax |
| 2025 Personal Exemptions |
Amount |
| Personal exemption deduction (per person) |
$0.00 |
| Qualifying relative income limit |
$5,200 |
| Deduction for seniors (per person, age 65 or older) |
$6,000 |
| Phaseout begins at MAGI |
$75,000 (Single/HOH/MFS), $150,000 (MFJ) |
| Social Security and Medicare |
2025 |
| Max earnings subject to Social Security |
$179,100 |
| Max earnings subject to Medicare |
No limit |
| Earnings limit (under full retirement age) |
$23,400 |
| Earnings limit (year of full retirement) |
$62,160 |
| Earnings limit (at/after full retirement age) |
No limit |
Full retirement age schedule (by birth year):
Age 65 if born before 1938
Age 65 and 2 months if born in 1938
Age 65 and 4 months if born in 1939
Age 65 and 6 months if born in 1940
Age 65 and 8 months if born in 1941
Age 65 and 10 months if born in 1942
Age 66 if born in 1943 through 1954
Age 66 and 2 months if born in 1955
Age 66 and 4 months if born in 1956
Age 66 and 6 months if born in 1957
Age 66 and 8 months if born in 1958
Age 66 and 10 months if born in 1959
Age 67 if born after 1959
| Pension Provision |
2025 |
| Individual retirement account contribution |
$7,000 |
| — Additional if age 50+ |
$1,000 |
| 401(k), 403(b), SARSEP (under age 50) |
$23,500 |
| SIMPLE Plans (under age 50) |
$16,500 |
| Catch-up Contribution (Age 50+) |
|
| 401(k), SARSEP, 403(b) |
$31,000 |
| SIMPLE IRA, SIMPLE 401(k) |
$20,000 |
| Catch-up Contribution (Age 60–63) |
|
| 401(k), SARSEP, 403(b) |
$34,750 |
| SIMPLE IRA, SIMPLE 401(k) |
$21,750 |
Taxpayers can deduct contributions to a traditional IRA if they meet certain conditions. If during the year either the taxpayer or the taxpayer’s spouse was covered by a retirement plan at work, the deduction may be reduced, or phased out, until it is eliminated, depending on filing status and income. (If neither the taxpayer nor the spouse is covered by a retirement plan at work, the phase-outs of the deduction do not apply.) Here are the phase-out ranges for 2025:
| For single taxpayers covered by a workplace retirement plan, the phase-out range is |
|
| Single / HOH |
$79,000 – $89,000 |
| Married Filing Joint |
$126,000 – $146,000 |
| Married Filing Separate |
$0 – $10,000 |
| For an IRA contributor who is not covered by a workplace retirement plan and is married to someone who is covered |
|
| Single / HOH |
$150,000 – $165,000 |
| Married Filing Joint |
$236,000 – $246,000 |
| Married Filing Separate |
$0 – $10,000 |
| The income phase-out range for taxpayers making contributions to a Roth IRA |
|
| Single / HOH |
$150,000 – $165,000 |
| Married Filing Joint |
$236,000 – $246,000 |
| Married Filing Separate |
$0 – $10,000 |
MFS treated as Single if the taxpayer did not live with their spouse during the year.
| HSA Limitations |
2025 |
| Annual contribution limit is limited to: |
|
| Self-only coverage, under age 55 |
$4,300 |
| Self-only coverage, age 55 or older |
$5,300 |
| Family coverage, under 55 |
$8,550 |
| Family coverage, age 55 or older* |
$9,550 |
| Minimum annual deductibles: |
|
| Self-only coverage |
$1,650 |
| Family coverage |
$3,300 |
| Maximum annual deductibles and out-of-pocket expense limits: |
|
| Self-only coverage |
$8,300 |
| Family coverage |
$16,600 |
*Assumes only one spouse has an HSA. See IRS Pub. 969 if both spouses have separate HSAs.
| Maximum Capital Gains / Qualified Dividends Tax Rate Breakpoints |
0% up to |
15% up to |
| MFJ or QSS |
$96,700 |
$600,050 |
| Single |
$48,350 |
$533,400 |
| Head of Household |
$64,750 |
$566,700 |
| Married Filing Separate |
$48,350 |
$300,025 |
| Qualified Business Income (QBI) – Threshold Amounts |
2025 |
| Married Filing Joint |
$394,600 |
| Married Filing Separate |
$197,300 |
| Single / HOH |
$197,300 |
| American Opportunity Credit |
2025 |
| MFJ phaseout range |
$160,000 – $180,000 |
| Single / HOH phaseout range |
$80,000 – $90,000 |
| Credit – 100% of the first |
$2,000 |
| Credit – 25% of the next |
$2,000 |
| Lifetime Learning Credit |
2025 |
| MFJ phaseout range |
$160,000 – $180,000 |
| Single / HOH phaseout range |
$80,000 – $90,000 |
| Credit – 20% of the first |
$10,000 |
| Student Loan Interest Deduction |
2025 |
| MFJ phaseout range |
$170,000 – $200,000 |
| Single / HOH phaseout range |
$85,000 – $100,000 |
| Maximum deduction |
$2,500 |
| Child Tax Credit (CTC) |
2025 |
| Maximum tax credit (per qualifying child) |
$2,200 |
| Maximum refundable portion |
$1,700 |
| Child Tax Credit Phaseout begins |
|
| Married Filing Joint |
$400,000 |
| Single / HOH |
$200,000 |
| Married Filing Separate |
$200,000 |
| Credit for other dependents |
$500 |
| Estate and Gift Tax |
2025 |
| Estate & gift lifetime exclusion |
$13,990,000 |
| Gift tax annual exclusion |
$19,000 |
| Gifts to non-citizen spouse |
$190,000 |
| Per Diem |
10/1/24 – 9/30/25 |
| Lodging |
$96.00 |
| M&IE |
$55.00 |
| Transportation M&IE (CONUS) |
$66.00 |
| Incidental expenses only |
$5.00 |
| Standard Mileage Rate |
2025 |
| Business |
$0.70 |
| Medical & Moving |
$0.21 |
| Charitable |
$0.14 |
| Depreciation component |
$0.33 |
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